Convert DNA sequences to protein using the genetic code.
Paste one or more FASTA sequences (max 200,000,000 characters).
Select the genetic code table to use for translation.
Reading frame for translation.
Translate from which strand.
Enter one or more DNA sequences in FASTA format. The tool accepts ambiguous nucleotides (R, Y, M, K, S, W) and automatically converts RNA (U) to DNA (T). Sequences can be up to 200 million characters.
Choose the appropriate genetic code for your organism. The Standard Code (transl_table=1) works for most eukaryotes. Use specialized codes for mitochondrial DNA, bacterial genomes, or specific organisms like Candida or Mycoplasma.
Select Frame 1, 2, or 3 to start translation at different positions. Frame 1 starts at position 1, Frame 2 at position 2, and Frame 3 at position 3. The correct frame produces the longest meaningful protein without premature stop codons.
Choose "Direct (5' to 3')" for forward strand translation or "Reverse (Complement)" to translate the reverse complement strand. Use reverse strand when your sequence is oriented opposite to the gene direction.
The output shows the translated protein sequence using standard one-letter amino acid codes. Stop codons are marked with asterisks (*). Results include the frame, strand, and protein sequence for each input sequence.
Translation is the process of converting DNA (or RNA) sequences into proteins using the genetic code. Each three nucleotides (a codon) specify which amino acid is added to the growing protein chain.
DNA can be read in three different reading frames (starting at position 1, 2, or 3), which can produce completely different proteins. Frame 1 starts at the first nucleotide, Frame 2 at the second, and Frame 3 at the third.
DNA has two complementary strands. You can translate the direct (forward) strand or the reverse complement strand. The reverse complement gives you the complement strand read in the opposite direction.